Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, Perinatal Risks, and Mediators to Preadolescent Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Prenatal cocaine exposure increases the risk of ADHD in preadolescence, with effects largely mediated through attention problems and impulsivity at 4–5 years of age. Male sex is an independent risk factor with a direct path to the ADHD diagnosis. Screening for behavioral problems before 4 years of age in prenatal cocaine exposure would make possible… Read More